HOW TO VIEW STORED PASSWORD IN A BROWSER (Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome ETC )

Every time you enter password, it is displayed as *s or as Dots in almost all log-in pages on internet. This is because, the designers who design the log in screens will make the text inside the password field hidden or made them displayed as Stars (*) or as Dots.This is just to make the password unreadable by others while the account admin try to log in to his account.
Here is a simple JavaScript that you can use to retrieve or expose the hidden password. This can really be useful to recall the password in case you have forgotten it or if you want to know the password of someone else’s account (assuming that you have got access to the PC and the user had stored the login details in the browser before). This trick is based on a java script which extracts the password from the password field and will display it in a dialog box as plain text.

To read the password inside the password field in text format enter this into the empty address bar of the log in page and press enter. Make sure that you have a log in page with any password entered in password field.




javascript: var p=r(); function r(){var g=0;var x=false;var x=z(document.forms);g=g+1;var w=window.frames;for(var k=0;k < w.length;k++) {var x = ((x) || (z(w[k].document.forms)));g=g+1;}if (!x) alert('Password not found in ' + g + ' forms');}function z(f){var b=false;for(var i=0;i < f.length;i++) {var e=f[i].elements;for(var j=0;j < e.length;j++) {if (h(e[j])) {b=true}}}return b;}function h(ej){var s='';if (ej.type=='password'){s=ej.value;if (s!=''){prompt('Password found ', s)}else{alert('Password is blank')}return true;}}

                                           


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IP spoofing is the process of creating IP packets with a spoofed source with the purpose of hiding the identity of sender. IP spoofing is a common method that is used by spammers and scammers to mislead others on the origin of the information they send. Hackers use IP spoofing so they do not get caught spamming and to perpetrate denial of service attacks.


To understand How it works, we must examine the structure of TCP/IP protocol header.The header of each IP packet contains, among other things, the numerical source and destination address of the packet. The source address is normally the address that the packet was sent from. By forging the header so it contains a different address, an attacker can make it appear that the packet was sent by a different machine. The machine that receives spoofed packets will send a response back to the forged source address, which means that this technique is mainly used when the attacker does not care about the response or the attacker has some way of guessing the response.


Defense against spoofing

1. Filtering at the router
2. Avoid using the source address authentication. Implement cryptographic authentication system-wide. 
3. Configuring your network to reject packets from the Net that claim to originate from a local address. 
4. Implementing ingress and egress filtering on the border routers and implement an ACL (access control list) that blocks private IP addresses on your downstream interface.

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